A192 / A192M, ASTM A106 Gr.B, ASTM A210 / A210M, ASTM A179, ASTM A53, ST 52.0, ST52-4, ST37.0, ST 35.8, T1, T5, T9, T11, T22, P5, P9, P11, P22, SAE1010, SAE 1020, SAE1026, SAE 4130, 16Mo3, 15Mo3, 10CrMo910, 12CrMo910, 34CrMo, 35CrMo, 30CrMo, 37Mn5, 14MoV6-3, X10CrMoVNb9-1 = T91 / P91, API 5L, API 5CT
American standard: ASTM A192 / A192M, ASTM A53, ASTM A106, ASTM A333, ASTMA179, ASTM A210 / A210M, ASTM A199, ASTM A 213, ASTM A333, ASTM A519( 1008 1010 1018 1020 1026 1025 4140 4130), API 5L,API 5CT
Japanese standard: JIS G3459, JIS G3463
European standard: DIN17175, DIN2449, DIN1629, DIN2391, EN10305, EN10216
Chinese standard: GB3087, GB5310
Modern steels are made with varying combinations of alloy metals to fulfill many purposes. Carbon steel, composed simply of iron and carbon, accounts for 90% of steel production. High strength low alloy steel has small additions (usually < 2% by weight) of other elements, typically 1.5% manganese, to provide additional strength for a modest price increase. Low alloy steel is alloyed with other elements, usually molybdenum, manganese, chromium, or nickel, in amounts of up to 10% by weight to improve the hardenability of thick sections. Stainless steels and surgical stainless steels contain a minimum of 11% chromium, often combined with nickel, to resist corrosion (rust). Some stainless steels are magnetic, while others are nonmagnetic. During World War II, the nickel content of steel was cut back, and after the war ended it did not come back up. That is why pre-war steel was better, and why classic automobiles made prior to the war tend to last longer than the later models.
Tool steels are alloyed with large amounts of tungsten and cobalt or other elements to maximize solution hardening. This also allows the use of precipitation hardening and improves the alloy's temperature resistance. Tool steel is generally used in axes, drills, and other devices that need a sharp, long-lasting cutting edge.Dual-phase steel, which is heat treated to contain both a ferritic and martensitic microstructure for extra strength.
Though not an alloy, galvanized steel is a commonly used variety of steel which has been hot-dipped or electroplated in zinc for protection against rust. |
